Needed 15 points! what are all the substances in the universe made of? pls simplify the answer so i can understand

What type of reaction fuels the processes seen here?

Astable electron arrangement for an atom is one that does not easily change. how is this arrangement arrived at? a. valence electrons are transferred or shared to create a full outer shell of electrons. b. valence electrons are discarded into space to create a full outer shell of electrons. c. protons (positive charge) pair with valence electrons (negative charge) to create a strong bond. d. outer shells with valence electrons are transferred or shared.

Astudent completes a titration by adding 12.0 milliliters of naoh(aq) of unknown concentration to 16.0 milliliters of 0.15 m hcl(aq). what is the molar concentration of the naoh(aq)? 1)5.0 m 2)0.20 m 3)0.11 m 4)1.1 m