The most preferred technique for determining how much life insurance coverage is needed for an individual is:

In dermining how much life insurance coverage is needed for an individual , you have to consider first, to determine annual income needs of your family if you were to die today. Because you have to consider any lifestyle changes that might happen after te death and include current expenses such as mortgage, rent, groceries, clothing, utility bills, entainment, travel, transportation and child care. Next, you have to subtract available income from annual income needs. Then, determine the principal needed to generate income to be replaced (annual income to be replaced) devided by (rate of return) = amount of principal needed. Next, Add one-time expenses of your survivors will have to pay including funeral expenses. Lastly you have to subtract one-time gains such as the total amount of money or profit that is made from other life insurance policies, assets from selling a business or other payouts.

a) both were commissioned explorers

correct, but each time you dont pay the price of the penalty can increase.