Consider a firm with high financial distress costs. Which of the following exemplifies at least one of the three agency costs discussed in lecture? a) the firm paying an irregular dividend an all-equity firm repurchasing shares.
b) the firm selecting only all-equity financed projects.
c) shareholders selecting high-risk projects.

Panera bread is a chain of cafes serving sandwiches, soups, and freshly baked breads. the company began in 1981 with stores primarily located along the east coast of the united states. since then, the firm has expanded to over 1,300 locations throughout the united states and canada. the firm has strong earnings and has been designated by business week as a "significant growth company." panera bread executives are considering the idea of expanding globally by opening cafes in asia through a franchising strategy. which of the following, if true, supports the argument that panera bread should expand into asia through franchising? a: the panera bread menu changes rapidly, and each cafe's artisan bread bakers receive regular training on new recipes. b: panera bread executives want fast access to the asian market without a significant investment of capital. c: panera bread executives want to test the asian market with a short-term commitment that allows them to make quick profits. d: the panera bread mission is to make excellent bread available to customers around the world.

What is the eventual effect on real gdp if the government increases its purchases of goods and services by $80,000? assume the marginal propensity to consume (mpc) is 0.75. $ what is the eventual effect on real gdp if the government, instead of changing its spending, increases transfers by $80,000? assume the mpc has not changed. $ an increase in government transfers or taxes, as opposed to an increase in government purchases of goods and services, will result in an identical eventual effect on real gdp. a smaller eventual effect on real gdp. a larger eventual effect on real gdp. no change to real gdp.

The returns on the common stock of maynard cosmetic specialties are quite cyclical. in a boom economy, the stock is expected to return 22 percent in comparison to 9 percent in a normal economy and a negative 14 percent in a recessionary period. the probability of a recession is 35 percent while the probability of a boom is 10 percent. what is the standard deviation of the returns on this stock?