For each of the following independent transactions a through d, prepare the necessary journal entry: (a) Declared a $0.40 per share cash dividend on 200,000 shares of preferred stock outstanding.

(b) Declared and distributed a 12% stock dividend on 800,000 shares of $5 par value common stock outstanding. Market price per common share on this date was $25.

(c) Declared and distributed a 2-for-1 stock split on 500,000 shares of $10 par value common stock outstanding.

(d) Declared and distributed a 30% stock dividend on 400,000 common shares of $5 par value common stock outstanding. Market price per common share on this date was $20.

Why is the cournot equilibrium an​ equilibrium? a. there are​ short-run barriers to exit in a cournot​ duopoly, so both firms cannot alter their output levels. b. given the other​ firm's level of​ production, both firms are maximizing profits and cannot improve their situation by unilaterally altering their level of output. c. both firms operate at zero profit under a cournot​ equilibrium, so they would face negative profits if they change output. d. both firms operate at minimum​ long-run average cost under a cournot​ equilibrium, so changes to output would reduce​ long-run profits. even if they​ can't collude, why​ don't firms set their outputs at the joint​ profit-maximizing levels​ (i.e., the levels they would have chosen had they​ colluded)? a. given that other firm produces at the collusive​ level, a firm could increase their own profits by increasing output above the collusive level. b. the midpoint of the collusion curve​ (i.e., the collusive​ outcome) lies below the reaction​ curves, so both firms have an incentive to increase output under the cournot duopoly. c. both a and b are correct d. both a and b are incorrect