An investment-banking firm underwrites a new issue of stocks and bonds by:

The answer is: Buying the entire bond or stock issue a company wants to sell at an agreed discount

Underwriting refers to a process when bank is raising capital from the investors on behalf of the companies who own the shares.

in order to gain profit from this, the bank need to buy the entire bond or stock at a discount during initial offering.

When the bank sell the bonds/stocks at the full price, the difference between selling price and the discounted purchase would be the profit that the bank acquire.

if i need to borrow money for anything, it would be for something like a house or an apartment but, that depend on the situation.

is this good enough?

for submitting your question to

the answer to your question is : c) a government agency or homeowner

due to his line of work, he is most likely employed by a government agency or homeowner due to the other choices not being logical haha.