What type of special title insurance policy covers the possibility of a mechanic's lien have priority over a mortgage or deed of trust

Depending on the state this type of coverage is called slightly different names. E.g. in Colorado, this type of coverage in included under Comprehensive Coverage. In other states it is simply called Mechanic's Lien Coverage. Most title insurance companies that are registered in ALTA (American Land Title Association) offer some type of mechanic's lien coverage since it is one of the most common sources of litigation regarding real estate.

Mechanic's liens have priority over other types of liens and they are retroactive to the moment when the construction process began. E.g. the contractor started working on January 2, 2020, and decides to file a claim due to unpaid services on November. So the mechanic's lien is retroactive to January 2, 2020. If a mortgage was recorded on June, the mechanic's lien will have priority even though it was recorded at a later date.

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