Pepper Enterprises owns 95 percent of Salt Corporation. On January 1, 20X1, Salt issued $200,000 of five-year bonds at 115. Annual interest of 12 percent is paid semiannually on January 1 and July 1. Pepper purchased $100,000 of the bonds on July 1, 20X3, at par value. The following balances are taken from the separate 20X3 financial statements of the two companies:. Pepper Enterprises Salt CorporationInvestment in Salt Corporation Bonds $ 100,000 Interest Income 6,000 Interest Receivable 6,000 Bonds Payable $ 200,000 Bond Premium 13,475 Interest Expense 18,039 Interest Payable 12,000 Required:a. Compute the amount of interest expense that should be reported in the consolidated income statement for 20X3. (Do not round your intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to nearest whole dollar.)b. Compute the gain or loss on constructive bond retirement that should be reported in the 20X3 consolidated income statement. (Do not round your intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to nearest whole dollar.)c. Prepare the consolidation worksheet consolidation entry or entries as of December 31, 20X3, to remove the effects of the intercorporate bond ownership. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field. Do not round your intermediate calculations. Round your final answers to nearest whole dollar.)

The cost of capital: introduction the cost of capital: introduction companies issue bonds, preferred stock, and common equity to aise capital to invest in capital budgeting projects. capital is』necessary factor of production and like any other factor, it has a cost. this cost is equal to the select the applicable security. the rates of return that investors require on bonds, preferred stocks, and common equity represent the costs of those securities to the firm. companies estimate the required returns on their securities, calculate a weighted average of the costs of their different types of capital, and use this average cost for capital budgeting purposes. required return on rate: when calculating om operations when the firm's primary financial objective is to select shareholder value. to do this, companies invest in projects that earnselect their cost of capital. so, the cost of capital is often referred to as the -select -select and accruals, which a se spontaneously we hted average cost of capital wa c our concern is with capital that must be provided by select- 쑤 interest-bearing debt preferred stock and common equity. capital budgeting projects are undertaken, are not included as part of total invested capital because they do not come directly from investors. which of the following would be included in the caculation of total invested capital? choose the response that is most correct a. notes payable b. taxes payable c retained earnings d. responses a and c would be included in the calculation of total invested capital. e. none of the above would be included in the cakulation of total invested capital.

Exercise 18-15 sheffield appliance center is an experienced home appliance dealer. sheffield appliance center also offers a number of services for the home appliances that it sells. assume that sheffield appliance center sells ovens on a standalone basis. sheffield appliance center also sells installation services and maintenance services for ovens. however, sheffield appliance center does not offer installation or maintenance services to customers who buy ovens from other vendors. pricing for ovens is as follows. oven only $790 oven with installation service 850 oven with maintenance services 970 oven with installation and maintenance services 990 in each instance in which maintenance services are provided, the maintenance service is separately priced within the arrangement at $180. additionally, the incremental amount charged by sheffield appliance center for installation approximates the amount charged by independent third parties. ovens are sold subject to a general right of return. if a customer purchases an oven with installation and/or maintenance services, in the event sheffield appliance center does not complete the service satisfactorily, the customer is only entitled to a refund of the portion of the fee that exceeds $790. assume that a customer purchases an oven with both installation and maintenance services for $990. (b) indicate the amount of revenue that should be allocated to the oven, the installation, and to the maintenance contract.

At the end of year 2, retained earnings for the baker company was $3,550. revenue earned by the company in year 2 was $3,800, expenses paid during the period were $2,000, and dividends paid during the period were $1,400. based on this information alone, retained earnings at the beginning of year 2 was: