Which of the following is true of positive externalities? Select one: a. Social value exceeds private value and market quantity is less than the socially optimal quantity. b. Social value is less than private value and market quantity exceeds the socially optimal quantity. c. Social value exceeds private value and market quantity exceeds the socially optimal quantity. d. Social value seldom exceeds private value and therefore social quantity is less than private quantity.

Afirm's before-tax cost of debt, rd, is the interest rate that the firm must pay on debt. because interest is tax deductible, the relevant cost of debt used to calculate a firm's wacc is the cost of debt, rd (1 – t). the cost of debt is used in calculating the wacc because we are interested in maximizing the value of the firm's stock, and the stock price depends on cash flows. it is important to emphasize that the cost of debt is the interest rate on debt, not debt because our primary concern with the cost of capital is its use in capital budgeting decisions. the rate at which the firm has borrowed in the past is because we need to know the cost of capital. for these reasons, the on outstanding debt (which reflects current market conditions) is a better measure of the cost of debt than the . the on the company's -term debt is generally used to calculate the cost of debt because more often than not, the capital is being raised to fund -term projects. quantitative problem: 5 years ago, barton industries issued 25-year noncallable, semiannual bonds with a $1,600 face value and a 8% coupon, semiannual payment ($64 payment every 6 months). the bonds currently sell for $845.87. if the firm's marginal tax rate is 40%, what is the firm's after-tax cost of debt? round your answer to 2 decimal places. do not round intermediate calcu

After the 2008 recession, the amount of reserves in the us banking system increased. because of federal reserve actions, required reserves increased from $44 billion to $60 billion. however, banks started holding more reserves than required. by january 2009, banks were holding $900 billion in excess reserves. the federal reserve started paying interest on the excess reserves that the banks held. what possible impact will these unused reserves have on the economy?

Scenario: you have advised the owner of bond's gym that the best thing to do would be to raise the price of a monthly membership. the owner wants to know what may happen once this price increase goes into effect. what will most likely occur after the price of a monthly membership increases? check all that apply. current members will pay more per month. the quantity demanded for memberships will decrease. the number of available memberships will increase. the owner will make more money. bond's gym will receive more membership applications.