Proctor & gamble departmentalizes by tide, pampers, charmin, and pringles. this is an example of departmentalization by

Product

Explanation:

Departmentalization - This is the breakdown of a single business into smaller unit under the same coordination for administrative and operational convenience.

Departmentalization by product - When business entity is divided into smaller manageable unit along the line of products produced by the organisation, that is what we called departmentalization by product.

Identical products or products with similar  characteristics are placed under the same department.

among other factors, composers started writing dynamic markings in their scores because "new instruments allowed for more dynamic ranges and contrast."

dynamics allude to the loudness or softness of music. dynamics offer an approach to demonstrate articulation in sheet music. they to drive the enthusiastic substance of music through volume and force. maybe you could alter both the volume and the shading profundity on your screen at the same time. we can likewise think about the force side of elements as the quality of a note. a few notes are intended to be played delicately and gently, while others are intended to be played all the more firmly.  

some dynamics markings have a letter 'm,' which remains for mezzo, signifying 'medium.' so a mezzo piano unique stamping resembles this (mp) and intends to play medium calm, while a mezzo specialty dynamic resembles this (mf) and intends to play medium loud.