In the united states the degree of individual income mobility (that is, the degree to which people move from higher to lower or lower to higher income groupings)

a. rigid in both directions.
b. flexible in both directions.
c. flexible upward but rigid downward since high income perpetuates itself from generation to generation.
d. flexible downward but rigid upward since most low-income people never rise significantly above the poverty level.

If a firm plans to issue new stock, flotation costs (investment bankers' fees) should not be ignored. there are two approaches to use to account for flotation costs. the first approach is to add the sum of flotation costs for the debt, preferred, and common stock and add them to the initial investment cost. because the investment cost is increased, the project's expected return is reduced so it may not meet the firm's hurdle rate for acceptance of the project. the second approach involves adjusting the cost of common equity as follows: . the difference between the flotation-adjusted cost of equity and the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment represents the flotation cost adjustment. quantitative problem: barton industries expects next year's annual dividend, d1, to be $1.90 and it expects dividends to grow at a constant rate g = 4.3%. the firm's current common stock price, p0, is $22.00. if it needs to issue new common stock, the firm will encounter a 6% flotation cost, f. assume that the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment is 12% and the cost of old common equity is 11.5%. what is the flotation cost adjustment that must be added to its cost of retaine

Factors like the unemployment rate,the stock market,global trade,economic policy,and the economic situation of other countries have no influence on the financial status of individuals. true or false

Andrea cujoli is a currency speculator who enjoys "betting" on changes in the foreign currency exchange market. currently the spot price for the japanese yen is ¥129.87/$ and the 6-month forward rate is ¥128.53/$. andrea would earn a higher rate of return by buying yen and a forward contract than if she had invested her money in 6-month us treasury securities at an annual rate of 2.50%. true/false?