To prepare for hemodialysis, a client with end-stage kidney disease is scheduled for surgery, specifically for the creation of an internal arteriovenous fistula in one arm and placement of an external arteriovenous shunt in the other arm. when considering care for these sites, which difference will the nurse consider

Ans.

An internal arteriovenous fistula is abnormal  connection between a vein and an artery. It can be also surgically formed for hemodialysis treatments for patients, suffering from kidney diseases. Fistulas are less likely to be infected or to clot and are long-lasting.

On the other hand, external arteriovenous shunt or graft is an artificial link between a vein and an artery by using a synthetic tube-shaped material. As these grafts are made up of synthetic material, they are more prone to clotting and infection. Clotting in grafts leads to serious complications, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Thus, 'when considering cares for sites of fistula and shunt, nurse should consider that shunt has a higher chance of getting clotting and infection as compared to fistula.'

answer: glucoamylase presented optimum activity at temperature of 55â°c, and, in the glycosidic bonds from the non-reducing ends of starch, resulting in the production of glucose. source and type of fermentation can affect the enzyme's properties

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