Bacteria is the simplest of cells. one special feature of bacterial cells that it survive in hostile environments is its

One feature that enables some bacteria to survive in hostile or adverse conditions is the ability to form endospores. An endospore is a tough , non reproductive structure produced or formed by some bacteria from the Firmicute family.

The primary or main function of most endospores is to ensure the bacteria survives during periods of environmental stress. Endospores are resistant to starvation, chemical disinfectants, high or low temperatures, ultraviolet and gamma radiation. Endospores are commonly found in soil and water, where they may survive for lengthy  periods of time.

Other bacteria when faced with decline or exhaustion of favored nutrients will become motile to seek out nutrients or they will produce new enzymes to enable them use alternative resources.

micro/nanoscale topography surface exhibits many prominent properties and is extensively employed in biomedical device, microfluidic device and energy device fabrication. additionally, the clinical applications of biomaterials can be largely expanded with of nanostructured surfaces.

the truman doctrine was an american foreign policy whose stated purpose was to counter soviet geopolitical expansion during the cold war. it was announced to congress by president harry s. truman on march 12, 1947, and further developed on july 12, 1948, when he pledged to contain threats to greece and turkey.