What happened to the urine volume when the solute gradient in the interstitial space was increased?

What is unique about the members of the group of fungi to which penicillium notatum belongs? they are not important for medicine. they are not made up of hyphae. they are used in fermentation. they lost the reproductive phase.

What is the difference between how ionic and covalent bonds form

Cells must be in osmotic equilibrium with their surroundings environments because if they swell or shrink thier membranes will rupture