The principle that describes the relationship between two different species where one species benefits while the other is harmed is called

b

explanation:

primary succession occurs in essentially lifeless areas regions in which the soil is incapable of sustaining life as a result of such factors as lava flows, newly formed sand dunes, or rocks left from a retreating glacier. secondary succession occurs

c) 50% there are four chromosomes. after crossing over, 2 of the four have been changed. that means any gamete has a 2 in 4 chance or 50% chance of receiving the mutated chromosome.

the dna of humans and mice is almost 92% similar. this similarity indicates that . mice have a tail, while humans have a tailbone. the tailbone is a structure in humans.yes it's true.