Which is a purpose for which a pedigree chart might be prepared? to determine the gender of a fetus
to determine if a fetus has the correct number of chromosomes
to identify chromosomal defects
to identify the pattern of inheritance of a particular trait

The soviet union beat the us to the first successful launch, with the october 4, 1957, orbiting of sputnik 1, and later beat the us to have the first human in earth orbit, yuri gagarin, on april 12, 1961. the "race" peaked with the july 20, 1969, us landing of the first humans on the moon with apollo 11