Helllp please

Which of the following observation darwin shape his concept of descent with modification? a) species diversity declines farther from the equator. b) fewer species live on islands than on the nearest continents. c) birds live on islands located farther from the mainland than the bird's maximum nonstop flight distance. d) south american temperate plants are more similar to the tropical plants of south america than to the temperate plants of europe. e) earthquakes reshape life by causing mass extinctions.

Achange in which factor will affect the rate of reaction only when gases are involved? temperature pressure surface area concentration

In the controversial scientific process of cloning, organisms are created that are genetically identical to there parent. this process would be classified as