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Explanation:

Prokaryotes are organisms made up of cells that lack a cell nucleus or any membrane-encased organelles. This means the genetic material DNA in prokaryotes is not bound within a nucleus. In addition, the DNA is less structured in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes: in prokaryotes, DNA is a single loop while in Eukaryotes DNA is organized into chromosomes. Most prokaryotes are made up of just a single cell (unicellular) but there are a few that are made of collections of cells (multicellular).

Scientists have divided the prokaryotes into two groups, the Bacteria, and the Archaea. Some bacteria, including E Coli, Salmonella, and Listeria, are found in foods and can cause disease;1  others are actually helpful to human digestion and other functions.2  Archaea were discovered to be a unique life form which is capable of living indefinitely in extreme environments such as hydrothermal vents or arctic ice.

A typical prokaryotic cell might contain the following parts:

Cell wall: the membrane surrounding and protecting the cell

Cytoplasm: all of the material inside a cell except the nucleus

Flagella and pili: protein-based filaments found on the outside of some prokaryotic cells

Nucleoid: a nucleus-like region of the cell where genetic material is kept

Plasmid: a small molecule of DNA that can reproduce independently

Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes are organisms made up of cells that possess a membrane-bound nucleus (that holds DNA in the form of chromosomes) as well as membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic organisms may be multicellular or single-celled organisms. All animals are eukaryotes. Other eukaryotes include plants, fungi, and protists.

A typical eukaryotic cell is surrounded by a plasma membrane and contains many different structures and organelles with a variety of functions. Examples include the chromosomes (a structure of nucleic acids and protein which carry genetic information in the form of genes), and the mitochondria (often described as the "powerhouse of the cell").

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