Explain why controlling the proteins in an organism controls the organisms characteristics

Controlling the proteins in an organism controls the organism's characteristics because proteins are enzymes, and enzymes catalyze and regulate chemical reactions, and therefore can control certain traits such as color, shape, or even gender.

Explanation:

c) 50% there are four chromosomes. after crossing over, 2 of the four have been changed. that means any gamete has a 2 in 4 chance or 50% chance of receiving the mutated chromosome.