Based on the model explain whether the molecules shown crossing the membrane require energy to do so

As the diagram is not given, hence let's generally describe the movement of molecules along the cell membrane.

Molecules can either pass through the cell without using energy through the process of passive transport. An example includes molecules of oxygen.

Molecules which are large and un-polar cannot move through the cell membrane easily. These molecules will require energy to move through the cell membrane. These molecules might move in with the help of the carrier or facilitated proteins. Examples include molecules of glucose.

this process is called "phosphorylation." a phosphate bond joins adenosine diphosphate to form adenosine triphosphate.

any abiotic or biotic factor in an ecosystem that causes a population's size to slow or decrease is a limiting factor.