Why is earth considered an open system and a closed system?

The earth is a closed system because only energy is naturally transferred outside the atmosphere.

Explanation:

All systems inside the Earth, on the other hand, are open systems as both energy and matter can be transferred between the systems and their surroundings.

well, that's easy; the answer's c, "it reduces contamination of the water and substrate of the estuary."

label a cell membrane

label b cytoplasm

label c ribosomes

label d dna

the membrane forms the outside of the cell

cytoplasm is the liquid within

ribosomes are the components within that distribute rna

the dna is the genetic make-up