How does natural selection lead to evolution?
a. adapted traits cannot be passed to offspring.
b. every generation is a new species.
c. an organism always has the same traits as its parent.
d. many small changes can create a whole new species.
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Answer:

Option d. many small changes can create a whole new species

Explanation:

In the natural selection when the animals gets adapted in a better manner, they tends to thrive in and gets the ability to reproduce more which leads to the formation of the new bigger species. It leads to a change when the individual with few characteristic have the survival chance more also the reproductive rate as compared to others individuals in the group and also passes these inheritable genetic traits to the offspring.  

ecological efficiency: % of usable energy transferred as

biomass from one trophic level to the next typical is 10% efficient (90% of

energy is lost),is diagramed as the pyramid of energy flow. then osprey eagle

are tertiary consumer and the shrimp are primary consumer, so to balance

mass of shrimp (1/0.1) / 0.1 = 100 kg