For a typical vertebrate cell the transmembrane potential is about -60 mv (inside negative). the concentration of na+ inside the cell is 15 mm, and that in the blood plasma is 150 mm. what is the free-energy change for transporting 1 mole of na+ out of the cell to the blood at 37 c? assuming this sodium gradient is coupled to the transport of glucose by a na+ glucose transporter, which transport 1 mole of glucose inside the cell along with 2 moles of na+ ion. what is the maximum glucose gradient can the na+ transporter work against?

The blue particles in this image are able to cross the cell membrane through simple diffusion. how will they be transported? outside the cell inside the cell o a. the substances will move directly across the membrane from outside the cell to inside the cell. b. the substances will move through channels in the membrane proteins from outside the cell to inside the cell. o c. the substances will move through channels in the membrane proteins from inside the cell to outside the cell. o d. the substances will move directly across the membrane from inside the cell to outside the cell.