3) what are some functions for non-coding dna [e. g. centromere, telomere, promoter, terminator, silencer, enhancer, introns (alternative splicing).

The function of the non - coding regions are as follows:

1. Centromere - It is utilized at the time of cell division.

2. Telomere- This part of the DNA helps to determine the age of the cells and also pushes the aged cells to apoptotic phase.

3. Promoter- It is the sequence of the DNA that provides space for enzyme that is the RNA polymerase to sit and start the reaction that is transcription.

4. Terminator - This is the space that is required to stop the transcription reaction.

5. Silencer- This is the space in the DNA that helps in the silencing of an expression.

6. Enhancer- This is the space of the DNA that helps in enhancing a gene expression.

7. Introns - These are non coding sequence that helps on the differential expression for the same set of sequences.

Non-coding DNA has the function of regulating and maintaining the coding regions of DNA.

Explanation:

Noncoding DNA is a term used to describe the part of DNA that lacks instructions for making proteins.

In prokaryotic DNA, for example, a large part of the length of the molecule is composed of non-coding DNA. However, it is wrong to think that because this DNA does not code for the production of proteins, this DNA has no function. This is because these regions are involved in the regulation of DNA coding regions, that is, non-coding regions are indirectly involved in the production of proteins, although they do not code for them.

answer: decrease

a limiting factor is the one which decrease the abundance, distribution and causes extinction of the population of species in a ecosystem. here, predators including hawks, owls and snakes are the limiting factor for the population of mexican free tailed bat.   although bats are nocturnal animals as they forge for food at night these predators also may remain active during night which can decrease the population of the mexican free-tailed bats. also, these bats eat only one type of insects that are moths. the food can also be a limiting factor as all 400 members are dependent upon same type of food needs that are moths. the decrease in the moth population can cause decrease in population size of the mexican free-tailed bats.

therefore, the scenarios will most likely to decrease the population size of the mexican free-tailed bats.