Conclusions based on flawed data that does not answer a testable question is an example of an inference a scientific explanation pseudoscience science

The correct answer will be option-pseudoscience.

Explanation:

Pseudoscience is the scientific practice which is based on the belief system but has no scientific proofs to prove the generated hypothesis.

The pseudoscience makes the people believe that the practice being performed is scientific in nature but no scientific result proves the practice like the practices and belief of religions are based on the co-incidences.

In the given question, If the conclusions are not able to answer the scientific questions, then this is considered a case of pseudoscience as the data is irrelevant.

Thus, option-pseudoscience is the correct answer.

poor water quality affects most estuarine organisms, including commercially important fish and shellfish. the pollutants that have the greatest impact on the health of estuaries include toxic substances like chemicals and heavy metals, nutrient pollution (or eutrophication), and pathogens such as bacteria or viruses.

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.