5. discuss about the narrow sense conception of cytoskeleton and the classification and function of each components

The narrow sense conception of cytoskeleton is introduced to protein fibres. These fibres are present inside the eukaryotic cells. This concept refers to the study of cytoskeleton.  Cytoskeleton maintains the cell shape. Cytoskeleton have two components. These are nuclear skeleton and cytoplasmic skeleton.

Nuclear skeleton consist of core layer, nuclear matrix and chromosomal skeleton. Cytoplasmic skeleton comprises of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments.

Explanation:

The narrow sense conception of cytoskeleton is related to protein fibre structure in eukaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton system comprises of nucleus skeleton and cytoplasmic skeleton.

The nucleus skeleton consist of chromosomal skeleton, nuclear matrix and core layer.

Nuclear Matrix: It organize DNA into the cell with the help of nuclear lamina.

Core layer: It is the inner layer which connects nuclear matrix and outside fibres. It forms a grid structure between nucleus and cytoplasm.

Chromosome Skeleton: It is involved in packaging of chromosomes.

The cytoplasmic filaments consist of intermediate filament, microtubules and microfilaments.

Intermediate Filaments: It provides mechanical support to plasma membrane.

Microtubules: It maintains shape of the cell. It is involved cell wall formation.

Microfilaments: It is involved in myofibrils formation, acrosomal reaction and cytoplamic splitting like processes.

transcription is a process in which information is rewritten. it is something our cells must do, in a more specialized and narrowly defined way. in biology, transcription is the process of copying out the dna sequence of a gene in the similar alphabet of rna. it needs to happen in the nucleus because that's where the dna is. dna is always inside the nucleus unless the cell is dividing.

transcription is the first step in gene expression, which involves copying a gene's dna sequence to make an rna molecule. transcription is performed by rna polymerases. it has three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. rna molecules must be processed after transcription in eukaryotes.

explanation:

long version:

the protein synthesis consists two processes which are, transcription and translation. transcription takes place in the nucleus. it uses dna as a template to make an rna molecule. rna then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. transcription is the first part of the central dogma of molecular biology: dna → rna. it is the transfer of genetic instructions in dna to messenger rna (mrna). during transcription, a strand of mrna is made that is complementary to a strand of dna.  

these three stages are:

  initiation: in which   is the beginning of transcription.occuring when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

    elongation: in which is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

    termination: in which is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.

answer: glucoamylase presented optimum activity at temperature of 55â°c, and, in the glycosidic bonds from the non-reducing ends of starch, resulting in the production of glucose. source and type of fermentation can affect the enzyme's properties

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