Are secreted by cells infected with viruses, alerting neighboring cells and protecting them from becoming infected.
a. complement system globulins
b. interferons
c. granzymes
d. interleukins

The correct answer will be option B (Interferons).

Explanation:

The innate immune response to viral infection begins with the recognition of pathogen which starts viral host response in organism.

After detection of viral infection cell produces type I interferon's, the protein molecule which interfere with the proliferation of viral cells.

Interferon's provide resistance to viral infection by :

1. Binding to IFN-α/β receptors which activate JAK/STAT pathway.

2. Production of enzymes which leads to the degradation of viral RNA.

3. Induction of ds-RNA-dependent kinase which inactivates the synthesis of proteins.

4. Binding to Natural killer cells which induces lytic activity, killing viral infected cells.

Thus, option B-interferon is the correct answer.

they each offer a fresh glut of resources to the organisms that can arrive and exploit them. as individuals and new species continue to appear, they actively and passively alter the environment. competition for shared resources increases, local abiotic and biotic conditions shift, and the relative abundances of species change accordingly. the process is called ecological succession, and it is one of the earliest and most well-known concepts in ecology.