The resting membrane potential depends on two factors that influence the magnitude and direction of na+ and k+ diffusion across the plasma membrane. identify these two factors. a. the presence of a resting membrane potential and leak channels b. the presence of concentration gradients and na+-k+ pumps c. the presence of concentration gradients and voltage-gated channels d. the presence of concentration gradients and leak channels

The correct answer is option d, that is, the presence of concentration gradients and leak channels.  

A non-signaling or resting neuron exhibits a voltage across its membrane known as the resting membrane potential, or basically the resting potential. It is determined by the concentration of ions across the membrane and by the permeability of membrane towards each kind of ion.  

The resting membrane potential relies on two factors, that is, the presence of concentration gradients and leak channels, which affect the direction and magnitude of sodium and potassium ions diffusion across the plasma membrane.  

A large number of K+ leak channels and the concentration gradient permits for rather more robust K+ ions diffusion out of a cell. In comparison, the few leaky Na+ leak channels and the concentration gradient permits for much less diffusion of Na+ ions into a cell.  

the two answers are a, the population of birds with large beaks will increase on the island, and c, the trait for large beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection. the reason for that is because if the birds that have beaks developed for eating small seeds lose all of their food, they will go hungry and eventually starve because they physically cannot eat the large seeds, therefore making the population of large beaked birds higher. also, if the trait of large beaks are dominant on the island over small beaks, then over time the large beaked birds will reproduce more and more, while the smaller beaked birds will reproduce less and less because they can't survive with the food provided. that leads to the trait of small beaks disappearing and the trait of large beaks taking over the island.