Homo naledi is a new species of the genus homo that is similar to homo erectus, yet contains unique enough characteristics to warrant a separate species. this hominin was first discovered at the south african site rising star cave in 2013. identify the challenges faced by archaeologists working in rising star cave.

According to the reports revealed by the team it self, one of the main issues for the excavation of this cave formed by several chambers is the diameter of entrance to the two main chambers, specially to the one called Dinaledi as it shown in the image. That's why the main team was formed by women who can easily access to both chambers because of their seizes.

Another challenge was to collect the remains because the amount of sediments in the cave and the presence of water during some periods of the years that misplaced the remains and make even difficult identify if they came from an animal or a human being.

i'm not sure i completely understand your question, but i will do my best.

i think the answer you are looking for is sequence. (see below)

a repeated melodic fragment would be best defined as repetition, while repeated chords (different or the same) could be a chord progression. however, you then mentioned the chord and melodic fragment beginning on higher or lower pitches, in that case, the answer could be best defined as a sequence. the definition of a sequence is as follows: "the restatement of a motif or longer melodic (or harmonic) passage at a higher or lower pitch in the same voice."

let me know if this !