What does this mean （人）3（面）3不（不)3 ?

Which leadership function is being employed in the following situation

Read this excerpt from the call of the wild by jack london. the encouragement buck gave the rebels led them into all kinds of petty misdemeanors. no more was spitz a leader greatly to be feared. the old awe departed, and they grew equal to challenging his authority. pike robbed him of half a fish one night, and gulped it down under the protection of buck. another night dub and joe fought spitz and made him forego the punishment they deserved. and even billee, the good-natured, was less good-natured, and whined not half so placatingly as in former days. buck never came near spitz without snarling and bristling menacingly. in fact, his conduct approached that of a bully, and he was given to swaggering up and down before spitz's very nose. who is the antagonist in this excerpt? buck is the antagonist because he has started a rebellion. spitz is the antagonist because the others are rebelling against his leadership. dub and joe are the antagonists because they attack spitz. billee is the antagonist because he refuses to cooperate with the others.

Kiko is writing an introduction for an article about the red panda. read what she has so far. what has red fur and a ringed tail, and is as big as a housecat? why, a panda, of course! the red panda doesn’t look much like its black-and-white cousin, the giant panda, but the two actually have a lot in common. which of the following should she add to her introduction? a. a clear central idea b. an opening that grabs the reader’s attention c. a statement previewing what points the essay will compare d. a statement that summarizes kiko’s opinions about the animals