What does preliminary mean in this sentence?

Which sentence uses the linking word after correctly? a. after janessa went to the grocery store with her mother. b. trish is the luckiest person in the world, after she will not stop complaining. c. gregory made a perfect score on his math test after he studied hard for it. d. after, pete could not wait for school to start again.

What modern language has been in use the longest?

Answer for me i have a lot of homework