Dar al harb is the arabic word for what

What is the author's purpose in this passagea. to remind people to avoid individuals who occasionally display bad manners.b. to encourage people to embrace the feeling of superiority over others.c. to persuade people to demonstrate good manners at all times.d. to convince people to freely express their emotions.

If a reader is varying her tone and pitch while reading, she is reading with:

Select the word from the list that best fits the definition unreasonably stubborn