Use the passage below to answer parts A, B, and C of the question that follows. "The victory of Japan would incontestably give her the predominance in the Far East, commercially as well as politically. Not only would she be a formidable trade rival to the European nations whose methods she has so successfully adopted, but she would be able to influence the conditions under which that trade was carried on. The immensely valuable and as yet imperfectly developed market of China would be practically within her control; and European Powers would no longer be able with impunity to seize naval bases and proclaim exclusive spheres of influence in Chinese territory. On the other hand, if Russia were to emerge victorious from the war, the whole of China would become a mere vassal state, if indeed its integrity could be preserved. Trade would be discouraged and finally extinguished by the exclusive methods of Russian policy, and except on sufferance no other Power could obtain a footing in the Far East. The whole future of this vast region, therefore, hung in the balance, for the battle was between freedom, progress and enlightenment, as represented by Japan, and obscurantism, oppression and stagnation, as represented by Russia.”

Sydney Tyler, an American historian analyzing the conflict, The Japan-Russia War, 1905

a) Identify ONE specific example of the root causes of the Russo-Japanese War that is NOT explicitly stated by the author.

b) Explain ONE specific example of the broader effects of the Russo-Japanese War that is NOT explicitly stated by the author.

c) Explain ONE specific example of how losing the war affected Russia.