If the valence electrons were removed, what would be the ion charge of the element?

it would be the amount that it started with minus the valence electrons which are always in the last ring of circles.

Explanation:

if you don't want to hear why, i think it's d.

what type of crime is the illegal sale of drugs and narcotic substances?

a. corporate crime

b. hate crime

c. racial crime

d. organized crime

e. white-collar crime

i hope that i

explanation:

first, let's define each choice:

corporate crime: in criminology, corporate crime refers to crimes committed either by a corporation, or by individuals acting on behalf of a corporation or other business entity. some negative behaviours by corporations may not actually be criminal; laws vary between jurisdictions.

hate crime: a hate crime is a prejudice-motivated crime which occurs when a perpetrator targets a victim because of his or her membership in a certain social group or race.

racial crime: a hate crime is a prejudice-motivated crime which occurs when a perpetrator targets a victim because of his or her membership in a certain social group or race

organized crime: a category of transnational, national, or local groupings of highly centralized enterprises run by criminals who intend to engage in illegal activity, most commonly for money and profit. some criminal organizations, such as terrorist groups, are politically motivated.

white-collar crime: refers to financially motivated, nonviolent crime committed by business and government professionals. within criminology, it was first defined by sociologist edwin sutherland in 1939 as "a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation"

definition sources: wiki

you can obviously say that the answers are not   b, c or e.

(opted out choices are bolded bellow)

what type of crime is the illegal sale of drugs and narcotic substances?

a. corporate crime

b. hate crime

c. racial crime

d. organized crime

e. white-collar crime

it's a debate between a and d.

going with the definitions i provided:

corporate crime: in criminology, corporate crime refers to crimes committed either by a corporation, or by individuals acting on behalf of a corporation or other business entity. some negative behaviours by corporations may not actually be criminal; laws vary between jurisdictions.

organized crime: a category of transnational, national, or local groupings of highly centralized enterprises run by criminals who intend to engage in illegal activity, most commonly for money and profit. some criminal organizations, such as terrorist groups, are politically motivated.

i think it's d.

organized crime: a category of transnational, national, or local groupings of highly centralized enterprises run by criminals who intend to engage in illegal activity, most commonly for money and profit. some criminal organizations, such as terrorist groups, are politically motivated.

illegal sale of drugs and narcotic substances is done so that the criminals can make a profit. yes, it's also illegal too (duh). i bolded, italiczed, and underlined the similarties of my theroy above in the definition of organized crime.

hope i !

ps: mark !