Was an historical epoch during which victims had well-recognized rights, including a personal say in imposing punishments on apprehended offenders.

The answer is "Golden Age of Victim".

A victim is any individual against whom an offense has been conferred. For certain procedural purposes, a parent or lawful gatekeeper is thought to be the casualty if the actual victim is underneath the age of eighteen years or is uncouth. A victim may likewise be at least one relatives or relatives assigned by the court if the genuine casualty is expired or crippled. 
During the “Golden Age of the Victim,” which bloomed a couple of hundred years back in England, casualties had very much perceived rights, incorporating an individual say in forcing disciplines on caught guilty parties. 

Ithink the answer is d. the lower appellate and trial courts in the state.