Refers to the way individuals define themselves in terms of their group membership.

The answer is "social identity".

Social identity is simply the part of a person's idea gotten from apparent enrollment in a similar social gathering. When somebody is requested to recognize themselves, and they reply with the religious or ethnic gathering affiliations this is expressing their social identity. We expand the positive parts of our in-gathering, and in the meantime devalue out-gathering.

for many centuries there were important factors which the economies of the muslim empires developed increasingly. they applied economic procedures in production, investment, finance, taxation and property. they used to tax certain goods (for example: harvest), they charged interest on money lent, they signed contracts with merchants; they relied on a common currency, and they used checks as well as promissory notes. with the money collected by means of taxation, the government provided the needy with an income. in addition, trading networks covered huge distances, so far regions started to have contact and exchange goods. this trade network covered areas of asia, africa and europe.