Arnold was not paying attention to his professor's lecture. but when the professor asked him what she had just said, he was surprised that he had a fleeting memory of her last few words. arnold's experience best illustrates memory.

Imagine a child who consistently gets mediocre grades and is often picked last for a team when games are played at recess. however, he likes to make silly jokes and play pranks, and he notices that people laugh when he does those things. the child starts to think that others are laughing with him, not at him. this is part of the process that charles cooley