Affirmative action programs are typically designed to a. create homogeneous diversity b. eliminate organizational plurality c. compensate for past discrimination d. protect white, non-hispanic americans e. guarantee diversity

E. is the best answer. (Even though these programs don't actually *guarantee* anything...they're usually just used to meet employment quotas. The programs could be exponentially better).

A. Affirmative action programs do not create "homogeneous diversity"... that's sort of an oxymoron itself.

B. Affirmative action programs will not eliminate organizational plurality. They may/should increase organizational plurality, if anything.

C. Affirmative action does not compensate for past discrimination. It only tries to guarantee equal access to job opportunities for every person, given their skill set. We are nowhere near compensating for past discrimination, racism, slavery, systemic violence, etc. in America, especially because many of these still exist today.

D. These programs do protect White non-hispanic Americans (however, this isn't the answer because it's not why the programs are designed) because the whole point of these programs:
The programs are implemented to try to create a workforce that reflects the demographic of people qualified for a given position.

Hope this helps!