When the receiver of a communication translates the message, it is known as

What refers to the existence of more than one level of government in the country

Martin, a 32-year-old human relations administrator at a university, believes that all professors over age 50 are incapable of learning the new educational technologies and are content to keep presenting their same "tired, boring" lectures. he often expresses these views to other administrators and does not encourage any of the "older" faculty members to attend professional development meetings related to new teaching approaches nor does he suggest that the university send them to any of the technology conferences. martin is exhibiting

Give an example of a situation in which an individual's pursuit of economic self-interest may not benefit but instead harm the rest of society