After the age of 40 the elasticity of the lens decreases, making it difficult to clearly see close objects. what is this condition called?

This condition is called presbyopia.

Presbyopia refers to the condition where individuals aged 40 and above have a deterioration in their ability to see nearby objects. They experience difficulty in tasks like reading and typing. Presbyopia occurs due to reduced elasticity in the lens of the eye as a result of aging. This is why individuals with previously normal vision often require "reading glasses" after their 40s .