Are external to the individual but still affect his or her behavior and performance.

I believe the answer is Situational factors
Situational factors are always outside of our control and sometimes it would heavily affect our life.
In creating a business for example, things that could be considered as situational factors are natural disaster, new government regulations, number of new competitors that come in, etc.

The three sociological perspectives include the beginner’s mind, culture shock, and the sociological imagination