Your text suggests that the stereotype of psychology held by the person on the street accords most closely with the perspective.

The answer is psychodynamic
Psychodynamic approach  to psychology emphasizes systematic study of the factors that would be related to human behavior.
These factors include personal experiences, Emotions/feeling that we felt at certain times, and personal belief/value.

This would be the psychodynamic perspective. This is the field popularized by theoreticians such as Freud and Jung. In this framework, the person goes to a therapist, who sits idly next to the client while they describe their problems. Solutions and questions are worked out between the client and the therapist instead of looking for actual physical issues that could be a part of the client's distress.

Is there a picture that goes with this question?