Which term is generally used to designate theories opposed to the big bang theory?

Steady State Universe

According to the steady state theory, the universe has no beginning or end. Matter is constantly created at a rate that maintains the average density of the universe as it expands. This theory was popular for a brief period in the 1940s before it was discredited. Some theorists who supported this theory are Hoyle, Gold and Bondi. 

1.  go out into nature and commune with the divine2.  experience real solitude to truly perceive nature3.  realize that individuals are meant to learn from nature and transcend it4.  think of nature as a symbol of the divine