Placing out-group members on equal footing in the group describes:

This helps out-group members feel included. Many times, the members of the out-group feel like their voices are drowned out by the views of the majority. Finding ways for these minority members to be as equal in stature as the rest of the group gives them a way to get their needs understood and helps with overall group cohesion.

Icannot see any engraving so i cant answer 12.massacre means wholesale slaughter and thats what happend when they the boston citizens