Nayib said he would call his friend sharif when he got home from work. sharif expects that if nayib says he will call that he will follow through. when nayib doesn't call, sharif gets angry. this is an example of:

what are the statements

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.