Dovidio and his colleagues argue that cooperation has an especially positive impact when people are able to keep their ingroup identities intact. people working on a task have relatively low self-esteem. it leads people to define a new, inclusive group. groups are relatively independent.

According to the argument posed by Dovidio and his colleagues, cooperation has an especially positive impact when it leads people to define a new, inclusive group. An inclusive group makes room to accommodate new members while an exclusive group seeks to limit membership to those who can meet some strict requirements of who have a special status.

depends.

explanation:

the telephone is the answer