18. which was not a key achievement of the ming dynasty?
(points : 3)
a. the rebuilding of the great wall

b. the improvement of roads and canals

c. the voyages of zheng he

d. the expansion of china's borders

19. which did the manchu of the qing dynasty do to control the people of china?
(points : 3)
a. they reformed land laws.

b. they maintained a chinese-only army.

c. they built the great wall.

d. they retained traditional chinese institutions.

20. which was one result of china's isolation from the rest of the world during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
(points : 3)
a. international demand for chinese goods fell.

b. the borders of china shrank.

c. chinese peasants revolted.

d. china's economy and technology fell behind europe's.

21. which was a step that china's rulers took to limit contact with the outside world during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
(points : 3)
a. they ended the sale of silk and porcelain.

b. they allowed foreign traders only in select ports.

c. they rebuilt the grand canal.

d. they banned all foreigners.

22. which best explains the tokugawa shogunate's rise to power in japan? (points : 3)
a. the shogunate achieved military success by using gunpowder.
b. the shogunate asserted military control when called to put down a peasant revolt.
c. the shogunate overthrew the emperor.
d. the shogunate allowed local lords to rule however they saw fit.

23. who ranked just below the shogun in japan's feudal system?
(points : 3)
a. daimyo

b. the emperor

c. peasants

d. samurai

24. which led japan's tokugawa shoguns to adopt a policy of isolation?
(points : 3)
a. the influx of foreign traders

b. the attempted mongol invasion

c. the arrival of dutch learning

d. the rapid spread of christianity

25. which was not a result of japan's isolation during the seventeenth century?
(points : 3)
a. most foreigners were expelled from the country.

b. christians were tortured and executed.

c. japanese people were prohibited from leaving the country.

d. japan lost all knowledge of european advances.

18. A. the rebuilding of the Great Wall

At that time, the Chinese citizens had to face constant threats from the barbarian that resided on the northern part of their territory.The previously built wall was not strong enough and able to be destroyed by the invaders.  Ming Dynasty took the credit of rebuilding and strengthening the structure of the great wall.

19. B. They maintained a Chinese-only army.

At that time, The current Chinese territories were the combination of citizens from several ethnicity. Manchu of the qing dynasty had the intend to unify the whole mainland under a single banner. When he conquered another group and made them swore allegiance to China, he created a chinese only army to ensure that there would be no inside rebellion that could ruin his effort.

20. C. Chinese peasants revolted

The isolation made it impossible for merchants to improve the economy by trading with people from other countries. At that time, there is also no restriction that limit the actions of the nobles. They impose high taxes that left the Chinese peasants in hunger and illness. Because of this, they revolted.

21. B. They allowed foreign traders only in select ports.

By allowing foreign trading to happen only in select ports, the rulers in china had the full ability to monitor all commodities that come and go out from the Chinese territories. This limit the freedom of foreign traders and diplomats from interaction with Chinese people, resulting in Chinese isolation from the world.

22.A.The shogunate achieved military success by using gunpowder.

At that time, the majority of other forces beside Tokugawa still stick to samurai sword and other traditional weapons as their military equipment. The usage of gunpowder by the shogunate make them totally able to dominate the traditional military weapon users. This also contribute to the end of the Samurai Era.

23. A. Daimyo

Daimyo is the most rusted person of the Shogun. The shogun would seek advice from his Daimyo regarding the laws or foreign policies that the shogun need to take to realize his goal. The daimyo also often sent to other empires as a representative that act for the Shogun;s interest.

24. D. the rapid spread of Christianity

At that time, Shinto/Buddhism is the religions that set up daily life principles that is held by Japanese people. The shoguns at that time see the spread Christianity as a threat because it might help western nations in spreading their influence in Japanese communities. This is why they adopt the policy of isolation.

25 D.Japan lost all knowledge of European advances.

The isolation mainly focused on the prohibition of Japanese normal civilians to make contact with foreign nations. Despite that, the government workers from japan still maintain contact with the outside world.Because of this, they still know the advances made by the european.

  a) written constitution. also known as magna carta and a necessity of the democracies that form federations to regulate the principles by which the government will be governed, because if they had to act without a body of specific laws would produce confrontations.

b) territorial division. federalism is constituted by the division of powers on the geographical basis of each territory.

c) decentralization. in a federal system there is both a central government and units of government lower than the central one, each making decisions regarding the provision of certain public services in their respective geographical jurisdictions.

d) supreme court of justice. to counteract the rigidity of the written constitution, judicial action is required to interpret said constitution and necessary changes can be made.

answer; standardization;