Four-year-old jack is a snack . he counts five children at his table and then retrieves five milk cartons. jack is displaying an understanding of

Animistic ThinkingFour-year-old Marly is playing with her toy cars. She favors the blue car, but plays with the green car for at least a few minutes. She says, "I don't want the green one to get lonely." This is an example ofConservationThree-year-olds Artie and Kurt had identical boxes of raisins at snack time. When Kurt poured his raisins out onto the table, Artie was sure that Kurt had more raisins. This demonstrates that Artie lacksCentrationThree-year-old Rachael could not solve a conservation-of-liquid task because she focused on the height of the water. Rachael's thinking is characterized byPrivate SpeechAs Sunni plays, she says: "Where's the cup? I want the cup. Oh, there it is. Now, I need the spoon." Sunni is engaging in what researchers now callAutobiographical memoryAfter a trip to the zoo, 4-year-old Jaden is able to remember the animals he saw and the context in which he saw them. This is an example ofEmergent LiteracyThree-year-old Evan recognizes and "reads" the word "PIZZA" on a familiar sign, but thinks that his name is spelled "E." This demonstrates Evan'sPhonological AwarenessAnneli's 4-year-old daughter manipulates sounds within words and enjoys rhyming games. Anneli's daughter is -year-old Jack is a snack helper. He counts five children at his table and then retrieves five milk cartons. Jack is displaying an understanding ofFast MappingJay introduced a new ball to his 2-year-old daughter, Kandi. He said, "I'm throwing the wiffle ball to you!" He then threw the new ball to Kandi. Kandi said, "Catch, wiffle, catch!" Kandi's connection of the term "wiffle" to the ball is an example ofRecastWhen Sadie says, "I goed to the store," her mother replies, "Yes, you went to the store." Sadie's mother's response is an example of

A. all judges are appointed at the state and federal levels