Jane is a newly minted therapist who works with couples and families. her decision was motivated by her sister melinda's experience of spousal abuse. when jane meets with her supervisor to review cases, he points out that when her female clients cry or describe intense conflicts with their husbands, jane takes their side. she believes her supervisor is blind to the signs of abuse. what critical thinking pitfall do jane's reactions show

Martha participates in a research study in order to receive extra credit for her psychology class. when she arrives in the research office she is given a can of what looks and tastes like beer, but which actually contains no alcohol. in the adjoining room martha's classmate karen is also participating in the study. karen receives a can of alcoholic beer. if the experiment was designed to test the effects of alcohol on concentration, then who is exposed to the independent variable?