Professional organizations that controlled how their industry operated and protected their members' interests against outsiders were called

they were called guilds.

during the medieval times, guilds were formed by craftsmen and artisans who were self-employed. as an organization, they became stronger in taking control of the goods and materials that are needed in honing their businesses.

hope this helps

would love branliest

there are conflicting perceptions. what cannot be denied is that despite a long history of discrimination, they finally chose to bow out in grace and handed over power to the majority. it was a painful experience for them to part with their prerogatives and some chose to leave the country. however, they did decide to bite the bullet and go through the process with minimum obstructions.

presently, whites are still a force to reckon with. they are well educated, have technical and business expertise, they understand imperatives of good governance and are responsible for keeping south africa connected with developed countries. despite a bitter history, they are useful team members of the south african team.

answer; /// i do believe that the correct answer is (d) cooperative play; /// good luck