Negative reinforcement the rate of operant responding, and punishment the rate of operant responding. increases; decreases has no effect on; decreases decreases; decreases decreases; increases

Punishment decreases the rate of operant responding. Negative reinforcement increases the rate of operant responding. Negative reinforcement is where an aversive stimulus is taken away after a specific behavior occurs. Since the aversive stimulus is removed, the behavior occurs again in order for the person to gain the same result. Punishment modifies a behavior, because something positive is taken away from the person, or they have to deal with something negative as a result of acting a certain way. Therefore, they stop acting that way to avoid negative results.

Currently, as of february 2016, an american traveling in france would be by the exchange rate. the weakness of the euro and the strength of the us dollar means that items in france cost less to an american than they otherwise would. of course, if this trend reverses and the us dollar weakens and the euro strengthens, such as was happening in early 2008, an american traveling in france would have an adverse experience because items would cost relatively more.